from 1 to 5 where 5 is ‘very positive’ and 1 ‘very negative’). Ranked scale Closed question, respondents give an assessment of their views using a scale (e.g. So conclusions rely on individual researcher. Wide range of answers, look for patterns. No pre-existing categories, increases validity. Open question Respondents provide own answers, tend to produce qualitative data. Interpreted in same way by any researcher. Designing questionnaires Closed question Fixed number of answers, tend to provide quantitative data. which can be used for reasoning, i.e., we can process data with this knowledge base to infer conclusions. Questionnaire Respondents record own answers to pre-determined (i.e. For example, you might believe women are more obedient than men.The aim of your study would be to investigate whether this is true – your hypothesis would state it as a fact to be tested: ‘Women are more obedient than men’. Alternate hypotheses A statement of what you believe to be true. Data can be collected by giving people a fixed set of written questions (a questionnaire) or by an interviewer who asks face-to-face questions in an interview (see page 121). ‘ Self-report ’ refers to any data collection method that involves asking people to report their thoughts, feelings or behaviour. They provide you with the beginning of any answer – your task is then to link these to the actual context in the question to be answered. The statements on the right consist of two parts – the point and a brief expansion. (8) Revision booster In an exam question you may be asked about a strength or weakness of a particular piece of research. Methods essay: Evaluate the usefulness of questionnaires as a research method in social psychology. Compare the use of open versus closed questions. Describe one weakness of self-reported data. 1.2.2 Open, closed (including ranked scale) questions. Self-reporting data: Questionnaire design 116 Spec spotlight 1.2.1 Designing and conducting questionnaires.
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